Figure 1. Two modes of chromatin modulation.

Figure 2. Scheme of the NuA4–HAT complex. The recruitment module (in blue) with inserted subunits targets Esa1p-dependent acetylation to specific chromosomal loci that interact with transcription factors. The “piccolo” nucleosomal HAT module (in green) is anchored to the recruitment module; it mediates global chromatin acetylation. AID, activator-interacting domain; PI-3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; EPcA, enhancer of polycomb domain A; PHD, plant homeodomain finger; CHD, chromodomain, SANT, Swi3–Ada2–NcoR–TFIIIB domain; HAT, acetyltransferase domain.

Figure 3. Scheme of SAGA and its subcomplexes. DUBm components in orange.

Figure 4. Histone and site specificity of HATs and complexes.(After Fukuda et al., 2009.)

Figure 5. Action of Sir2p in deacetylation.

Figure 6. Complex in the initiation of yeast DNA replication. Phosphorylation of residues in Mcm2, 4, and 6 by Cdc7p is indicated in black; phosphorylation sites by Cdk in Sld2p, Sdl3p, and Dbp11p are indicated in yellow.

Figure 7. Scheme of DNA replication. Black, RNA; red, leading strand synthesized; blue, lagging strand synthesized.

Figure 8. PCNA as a decision maker in DNA repair.

Figure 9. Replication and chromatin. HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone deacetylase; CAF-I, chromatin assembly factor; ASF, antisilencing factor; HP, heterochromatic proteins; CR, chromatin-remodeling factor; dark yellow, normal nucleosomes; light green, modified or disassembled nucleosomes.(After Ehrenhofer-Murray, 2004.)

Figure 10. Generation of boundaries near telomeres. Dark green dots, histone acetylation; grey, nucleosomes in heterochromatin; yellow, “normal” nucleosomes; magenta, nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z.(After Pillus, 2008.)

Figure 11. Division of labor among HDACs on an idealized yeast chromosome. The colored blocks indicate domains in which preferred HDACs become active.(After Robyr et al., 2002.)

Figure 12. DNA damage checkpoints in S. cerevisiae.

Figure 13. DSB repair.(After Colavito, Prakash, and Sung, 2010.)

Figure 14. Structures of some yeast telomeres. Colored arrows indicate repeated subtelomeric gene sequences.

Figure 15. Scheme of telomere replication.

Figure 16. Models explaining Pif1p action at yeast telomeres (a) and during Okazaki fragment maturation (b).(After Boule and Zakian, 2006.)

Figure 17. Ty1 structure and expression strategy. LTR, long terminal repeat; gag, group-specific antigen (capsid); prot, protease; int, integrase; rt, reversed transriptase.

Figure 18. Frameshifting during translation of Ty1 RNA.

Figure 19. Steps in Ty replication.

Figure 20. (a) Clover-leaf structure of the alanine-specific tRNA (Holley et al., 1965). The boxed G–C has to be removed according to Penswick, Martin, and Dirheimer [ 1975]. (b) Cloverleaf structure of the serine-specific tRNAs (Zachau, Dütting, and Feldmann, 1966a; Zachau et al., 1966b). Substitutions in Ser tRNA I versus Ser tRNA II are marked by arrows.

Figure 21. Three-dimensional structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA. (a) The solid line connecting the group coordinates represents the conformation of the molecule in the orthorhombic unit cell, while the dashed line shows its conformation in the monoclinic unit cell. (b) Secondary and tertiary hydrogen bonds between bases are shown with different shading. The numbers refer to the residues in the polynucleotide chain.(Reproduced from Quigley et al., 1975, with permission from Oxford University Press.)

Figure 22. Scheme for processing of tRNA precursors.

Figure 23. Anticodon–codon pairing in eukaryotes. Numbering follows the standard nomenclature; W, wobble position.

Figure 24. Methionine-specific tRNAs from S. cerevisiae.

Figure 25. Transcriptional units for yeast rRNAs. NTS, nontranscribed spacer; ETS, external transcribed spacer; ITS, internal transcribed spacer; Prom, promoter; Term, terminator.

Figure 26. Processing of yeast rRNAs and proteins.

Figure 27. The splice cycle in yeast. Note that the U5 snRNP is depicted in yellow or green depending on its composition. NTC, nineteen complex.

Figure 28. Yeast mitochondrial genome.