Figure 1. Cotranslational translocation (preferably in mammals). SRP, signal receptor particle; SR, SRP receptor. (After Corsi and Schekman, 1996.)
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Figure 2. Post-translational translocation (in yeast). Ssa1p, Ydj1p, and BiP (Kar2p) are chaperones. (After Corsi and Schekman, 1996.)
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Figure 3. Schematic view of cellular trafficking in S. cerevisiae.
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Figure 4. Types of SNAREpins in different yeast organelles. Tail-anchoring in the respective membranes is indicated in green; interacting helices are in orange.
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Figure 5. SNAREs in S. cerevisiae. In the cases depicted, three Q-type SNAREs interact with one R-type SNARE at the ionic layer within the SNAREpin, whereby Q (glutamine) and R (arginine) define the interacting residues. PVC, pre-vacuolar complex, PM, plasma membrane.(Modified from Burri and Lithgow, 2004.)
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Figure 6. Rab proteins in yeast. (a) The G cycle; (b) Rab conversion. GDP, GDP-bound form of Rab; GTP, GTP-bound form of Rab; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GDI, GDP dissociation inhibitor; GDF, GDI displacement factor; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; SV, sorting vesicle.
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Figure 7. Schematic view of ERAD in yeast.
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Figure 8. PI(4)P effectors at the Golgi. (After Mayinger, 2009.)
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Figure 9. Macroautophagy (a) and microautophagy (b) in yeast.
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Figure 10. Domain structures and interactions (in red) in yeast ESCRT proteins. ATP, ATP-binding domain; Bro, BCK1-like resistance to osmotic shock; CC, coiled-coil domains; FYVE, Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, EEA1; GLUE, GRAM-like ubiquitin binding; MIT, microtubule interacting and trafficking; NZF, Npl4 zinc finger; UEV, unusual E2 variant; VHS, Vps27, Hrs, STAM; WH, winged-helix domain. The asterisks indicate ubiquitination sites.
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Figure 11. Nuclear import and export of proteins and regeneration of Ran by nuclear transport.
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Figure 12. Nuclear export of tRNA.
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Figure 13. Yeast vacuolar ATPase.
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Figure 14. Ca 2+ transport in S. cerevisiae. (Source: After Ton and Rao, 2004..)
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Figure 15. Fet3p ferroxidase/Ftr1p permease complex.
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Figure 16. Summary of iron uptake in yeast and regulation of components.
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Figure 17. Model of copper transport.
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Figure 18. Model of zinc transport.
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Figure 19. Model of manganese transport.
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Figure 20. Phosphate transport in S. cerevisiae. (After Ogawa, DeRisi, and Brown, 2000.)
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Figure 21. Exchange of compounds between cytosol and mitochondria.
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Figure 22. Respiratory chain as an integral inner membrane complex. Shown is the complete respiratory chain consisting of four subcomplexes. Note that in S. cerevisiae complex I has to be replaced by the internal NADH dehydrogenase, Ndi1p.
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Figure 23. Coupling of the respiratory chain to ATP synthesis in mitochondria.
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Figure 24. Subunit organization of the yeast ATP synthase. (After Rak et al., 2009.)
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