Figure 1. Cotranslational translocation (preferably in mammals). SRP, signal receptor particle; SR, SRP receptor. (After Corsi and Schekman, 1996.)

Figure 2. Post-translational translocation (in yeast). Ssa1p, Ydj1p, and BiP (Kar2p) are chaperones. (After Corsi and Schekman, 1996.)

Figure 3. Schematic view of cellular trafficking in S. cerevisiae.

Figure 4. Types of SNAREpins in different yeast organelles. Tail-anchoring in the respective membranes is indicated in green; interacting helices are in orange.

Figure 5. SNAREs in S. cerevisiae. In the cases depicted, three Q-type SNAREs interact with one R-type SNARE at the ionic layer within the SNAREpin, whereby Q (glutamine) and R (arginine) define the interacting residues. PVC, pre-vacuolar complex, PM, plasma membrane.(Modified from Burri and Lithgow, 2004.)

Figure 6. Rab proteins in yeast. (a) The G cycle; (b) Rab conversion. GDP, GDP-bound form of Rab; GTP, GTP-bound form of Rab; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GDI, GDP dissociation inhibitor; GDF, GDI displacement factor; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; SV, sorting vesicle.

Figure 7. Schematic view of ERAD in yeast.

Figure 8. PI(4)P effectors at the Golgi. (After Mayinger, 2009.)

Figure 9. Macroautophagy (a) and microautophagy (b) in yeast.

Figure 10. Domain structures and interactions (in red) in yeast ESCRT proteins. ATP, ATP-binding domain; Bro, BCK1-like resistance to osmotic shock; CC, coiled-coil domains; FYVE, Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, EEA1; GLUE, GRAM-like ubiquitin binding; MIT, microtubule interacting and trafficking; NZF, Npl4 zinc finger; UEV, unusual E2 variant; VHS, Vps27, Hrs, STAM; WH, winged-helix domain. The asterisks indicate ubiquitination sites.

Figure 11. Nuclear import and export of proteins and regeneration of Ran by nuclear transport.

Figure 12. Nuclear export of tRNA.

Figure 13. Yeast vacuolar ATPase.

Figure 14. Ca ²⁺ transport in S. cerevisiae.
(Source: After Ton and Rao, 2004..)

Figure 15. Fet3p ferroxidase/Ftr1p permease complex.

Figure 16. Summary of iron uptake in yeast and regulation of components.

Figure 17. Model of copper transport.

Figure 18. Model of zinc transport.

Figure 19. Model of manganese transport.

Figure 20. Phosphate transport in S. cerevisiae. (After Ogawa, DeRisi, and Brown, 2000.)

Figure 21. Exchange of compounds between cytosol and mitochondria.

Figure 22. Respiratory chain as an integral inner membrane complex. Shown is the complete respiratory chain consisting of four subcomplexes. Note that in S. cerevisiae complex I has to be replaced by the “internal” NADH dehydrogenase, Ndi1p.

Figure 23. Coupling of the respiratory chain to ATP synthesis in mitochondria.

Figure 24. Subunit organization of the yeast ATP synthase. (After Rak et al., 2009.)