Figure 1. Organization of the pre-rRNA subunit and cofactors for its expression.

Figure 2. Initiation of transcription of tRNA genes by yeast RNA polymerase III.

Figure 3. Backbone model of complete, 12-subunit polymerase II. Rpb1, gray; Rpb2, bronze; Rpb4, red; Rpb6, green; Rpb7 (N-terminal half with RNP domain), dark blue; Rpb7 (C-terminal half with OB fold), light blue; remaining subunits, black; RNA exit groove 1, dashed pink line. CTD, C-terminal domain.(Reproduced with permission from Bushnell and Kornberg, 2003; © 2003 National Academy of Sciences, USA.)

Figure 4. Structure of the polymerase II transcribing complex. Backbone of the DNA in blue (template) and green (nontemplate); RNA in red; A and E sites of the nucleotide in yellow circles.
(Source: (Reproduced with permission from Batada et al., 2004; © 2004 National Academy of Sciences, USA.).)

Figure 5. Building the RNA polymerase II initiation complex by interaction with the GTFs.

Figure 6. Transcriptional regulation.

Figure 7. Relationship of the complete polymerase II X-ray structure with the electron microscopy structure of complete polymerase II (a) and Mediator–polymerase II complex (b). The core polymerase II model is blue in (a) and yellow in (b). Rbp4 is red and Rpb7 is dark blue.(Reproduced with permission from Bushnell and Kornberg, 2003; © 2003 National Academy of Sciences, USA.)

Figure 8. Cooperation of several complexes at transcription elongation. Black dots, phosphorylations at polymerase II CTD; red dots, ubiquitin; CRFs, chromatin-remodeling factors.

Figure 9. Induction of the PHO5 gene by low phosphate levels.

Figure 10. Factors in the NER process. Rad proteins are represented by numbers.

Figure 11. Mismatch repair process.

Figure 12. Schematic representation of the polyadenylation machinery in yeast. The arrangement of the components is partly known, otherwise arbitrary.

Figure 13. Pathway of eukaryotic transcripts.

Figure 14. Features of yeast mRNAs involved in the translation pathway relevant to control.

Figure 15. Schematic view of the nonameric exosome structure. CTD, C-terminal domain; KH, RNA-binding domain; NTD, N-terminal domain; S1, RNA-binding fold.

Figure 16. Initiation steps in yeast mRNA translation.